The education talk about 38: United Kingdom modern education system _pplong

The old capitalist countries United Kingdom in the beginning of the twentieth century has been gradually lost world hegemony, after two world wars, the United Kingdom's economy and politics are a lot of combat, national power began to decline in these changes, the development of education also had various contradictions changes, which in turn formed the modern education system in the United Kingdom. First, the Barr-Education Act from the beginning of the 20th century to the decades before World War II is in the United Kingdom modern education system in the first phase of development, mainly in the General Education Development Center, promulgated a series of important Education Act, and gradually form a comparison system for national education system, but the Government has strengthened its focus on local education management. In 1902, the United Kingdom enacted the Barr-Education Act. This Act is determined by the Prime Minister of the Government of the United Kingdom the conservative Bal-Fu. The main content of the Act are: 1. in education leadership system, the abolition of the past by the District School Board of management of elementary school, county councils and County independent city located LEAs to manage school education, and began to local institutions of education leading to the main body of the Executive should be taught, developed in the United Kingdom in 1899 by the Education Department on the basis of the new education system, including Congress, Education Department and local school board of education leadership system. This is a both a central unified leadership and decentralization of the national education leadership, it became the United Kingdom the basic form of educational leadership, until now still didn't do much of this change. 2. with the rapid development of industry, industrial workers and cultural level requirements increase, the need for adaptation, and to ease people's strong demand for secondary education, Barr Fu decree granting local education authorities to set up public grammar school and secondary technical schools; and calls for local education agencies to fund private and Church of secondary legislation. The Act on the one hand, to a large increase in the number of secondary school, on the other hand also strengthened education authorities on the secondary control. But most of the children of the working people are still not enrolled in secondary education, can only be learned in elementary school reading, writing and calculation of course, grammar school admission test students to have Latin, algebra and geometry. So the primary education and secondary education is a not-for-track education system, this is the United Kingdom in the early 20th century in the national education system, an important feature. The Barr-education law is the United Kingdom over to modern capitalist stage after the first important education bills, it contributed to the United Kingdom Government Board of education and local school boards, the combination formed by local education authorities as the main part of the education management system, the United Kingdom later education leadership structure and the development of secondary education had a tremendous and far-reaching influence. Second, the Fisher school law after the first world war inflicted heavy losses, United Kingdom economy has started to decline to intensify domestic class contradictions, working people in the area of education for the struggle of the right to education has increased, in the course of the war, the United Kingdom rulers to learn more about the extensive implementation of national education in Germany, to consider the United Kingdom national education should not be reformed. Congress has enacted in 1918 to the Minister of culture and Fisher named primary education act that the Fisher Education Act. Its main elements are: 1. strengthening of local authorities in development education and the Education Commission of the restriction of the rights of local authorities. 2. with regard to primary education, the prohibition of the use of 12-year-old former child workers, the age of compulsory education was extended to 5-14 years old, in teaching content focusing on the implementation of the "child" principle, the activity courses and art classes. 3. local education authorities should establish and maintain continuing education schools, 14-16-year-old young man gratis appropriate learning courses. 4. the local authorities for 2-5-year-old children in nursery school, local governments must be autonomous operating child care schools constitute nursery classes in order to facilitate the development of the child from physical and intellectual. The Fisher Education Act in creating a complete national education system plays an important role. Third, the Butler Education Act, 1944, the United Kingdom Government, through the Chairman of the Board of the Butler Act, named the Butler Education Act, also known as the Education Act in 1944, at the Centre of this Act is to adjust the educational content is still the leading system and the pursuit of primary education and secondary education. The former is intended to strengthen national educational leadership and control; the latter is intended to further implement the years did not achieve secondary education opportunities slogan. Its main elements are: 1. to strengthen national educational leadership and control the establishment since 1899 is only responsible for supervising the responsibility of the Board of as MoE, which unified leadership of national education. The Ministry of education established by the Minister of education, Minister of education, in addition to responsible for promoting the development of national education, to complete the national education purpose education bodies, supervision and leadership in the areas of education. All important matters, such as the development of the region's education plan, local education authorities of the head of the appointment and removal of the local education command, all published by the Minister for approval. 2. to change the previous primary education and secondary education not phase continues, 1944-track system of the Education Act provides for the United Kingdom's general education school system into a continuous development of the three stages of education, primary education, secondary education and continuing education. At the age of 11 years of youth education for secondary education, and primary education. This is the previous primary education and secondary education to separate for a significant improvement. 3. implement the 5-15 years of compulsory education, and local education authorities should provide full-time compulsory education age and school education. 4. the Act also establishes a religious education in schools. Public and private schools on a daily basis to carry out collective prayer and religious education courses. 5. the Act also proposes pedagogical education and higher education reform in a number of requirements. The Butler Education Act is a United Kingdom education system in the history of an act of great importance, is the United Kingdom's post-war education reform in general guidance documents and legal foundation, its main purpose is to inherit and centralizing since the end of the 19th century and the United Kingdom since the major education Act's education reform, and put them and the war on education of actual needs, so as to form an education in the United Kingdom in the history of the most important role of the education reform law, opened the world capitalist countries to develop, enactAfter the education reform law precedent, but also on postwar United Kingdom education development of basic principles of language policy has made a tremendous impact. 4. comprehensive secondary school sports the Butler after the implementation of the Education Act, the United Kingdom formed by the grammar schools, technical schools and modern secondary structure consisting of secondary education, these three types of schools in the United Kingdom secondary education development played an important role, especially after the second world war, in secondary education institutions is a serious lack of modern secondary and grammar school start-up to a certain extent, to meet the national demand for secondary education. But these three types of schools in the educational quality, curriculum content standards, and so there is a big difference, in secondary education issues once again aroused controversy. Economic development requires people to be more complete secondary education, or even higher levels of education. Especially in the post-war world of democratization of education, under the influence of tides, forcing the ruling class to consider a more democratic education system so that more people access to secondary education. 1951, United Kingdom Labour Party proposes the development of comprehensive secondary school program. In 1964, the Labor Party, once again put the development of comprehensive secondary school as their political strategies. 1965 the Labour Government published the structure of the secondary education "notice requirements under the integrated high school mode the restructuring of the secondary education structure. 50 years ago, the development of comprehensive secondary school is relatively slow. After the mid-1950s, as the labour party in some areas, advocated the progressive restructuring of comprehensive secondary school, in 1960, the comprehensive secondary school reaches 130, 1965, the development of comprehensive secondary school, students are to 262 8.5%. Comprehensive secondary school in the United Kingdom is the rapid development. Access to comprehensive secondary school admission test is required, where it has reached 11-year-old finished primary school children can access. This kind of comprehensive secondary school cancels the entrance exam, and on the surface of the track "secondary one, used to ease people's struggle to rank schools, grammar schools and secondary modern schools, technical and does not have, such as school type completely disappear, private schools still has its special status. To 1975, the comprehensive secondary school students in middle school students ' total share of 68.8% has been reached, to comprehensive secondary school in 1980, the proportion had reached 80%, reaching 85.4% in 1985, 1988 85.9%. Comprehensive schools become United Kingdom main types of secondary education. 5. the 1988 education reform act into the 1980s, the United Kingdom also have frequent education reform, reform of focus in higher education and the entire education system reform. From 1981 to 1983, the United Kingdom more than 10 continuous published a research report on higher education, as the lovol Hume report. 1988 29 July, the United Kingdom Parliament passed the Education Minister Baker submitted education reform Act 1988, as the education reform act. It is divided into schools, higher education and continuing education, the education in London, other general provision, in four parts, mainly on the general reform of primary and secondary education, but also related to higher education, vocational and technical education, educational administration, education funding, and other aspects. Its main elements are: 1. the establishment of the national curriculum. Curriculum is the 1988 reform of the Education Act, which provides for the establishment of the national curriculum, which breaking the previous education content by local education authorities and set up school autonomy. The 1988 education reform Act 5-16-year-old compulsory offer three types of courses, i.e. the core curriculum, courses and additional courses. Core courses include mathematics, English and science, basic subjects including history, geography, technology, music, art, sports, modern foreign language. 2. establish and course of the examination system. The compulsory education in the students ' learning phase is divided into four sections, the rules in each study period or end up student assessment imposed for each subject. The students are in 7 years, 11-year-old, 14, 16 years old to participate in the 4th National exam, exam score is a measure of the quality of school education is important. 3. reform school management system. 1988 education law breaking the primary and secondary schools by the local authorities in the management of the situation, the provisions of the original local education authorities and management of all secondary schools and the larger primary school, directly accept guidance central educational institutions. Central Government gains access to the direct management of general education. 4. increase the power of parents. 1988 education law strengthening the parents choose schools and participate in the management authority. At the local education authorities in the area, parents have the right to select a school for their children, when school enrollment number does not exceed the standard, it shall not be entitled to refuse admission. School Board member must include the parents. 5. the establishment of a new type of city schools, as wholly or mainly from the school district is full of 11 years, under the age of 19-year-old students in education. In addition, 1988 Education Act also for higher education management and budget has made with the new requirements. The 1988 education reform act was regarded as United Kingdom 1944 education law enacted since the most important education law, the United Kingdom educational history landmark education reform act, enhanced centralized management system of education, although there has been much controversy, but there is a profound significance.